
Globally, society needs increasing volumes of metals to meet the sustainable development needs of the growing population. The challenges associated with mining metals include impacts to landscapes and local air and water quality. Modern day mining produces a wider array of metal and metalloid products than ever before, providing the critical raw materials for everything from electric vehicle batteries to smartphone components to the wiring needed to connect our increasingly electric world. One key problem is the management of mine wastes and by-products containing less common critical elements, such as cobalt (used in batteries) and tellurium (used in some solar panels). There is limited knowledge of the mobility of these elements once (inadvertently) released to the wider environment, leading to questions such as: how do they move through waterways? What microbes are involved? What secondary minerals do they form? Reframing these questions into a potential solution for a major challenge: Can we use natural processes to devise innovative ways to produce these elements more economically from material that would otherwise be categorised as by-products or waste?
Dr Missen’s research primarily focuses on understanding the behaviour of critical elements at the Earth’s surface, particularly tellurium and cobalt, which are used in renewable energy technologies. His work involves sample collection at sites that contain either naturally or anthropogenically elevated concentrations of critical elements. Subsequently, samples are analysed via detailed analytical work, using micro- and even nano-scale techniques such as electron microscopy and Synchrotron X-ray techniques. These results are integrated with field and bulk sample observations to create holistic frameworks for environmental cycling of critical elements. Processes that naturally concentrate these elements are further researched as potential pathways for enriching them. In addition to his focus on environmental geology, Dr Missen conducts research across the mining value chain, from investigating how critical mineral deposits form to improving the processes used to separate and recover valuable minerals. Dr Missen’s work is thus helping improve understanding of the critical minerals needed for the transition to cleaner energy while supporting more sustainable approaches to resource development.









